Electric Power Distribution Handbook, T. A. Short

Lightning protection of a recloser

This example models a section of overhead line with an open recloser. Scout arresters, placed on poles on either side of the recloser pole, are optional. This example is for the situation where a first lightning stroke causes a flashover, the recloser opens, then a subsequent stroke hits the line.

The plot shows the voltages at the recloser pole.

         #: script=scriptloader
- OpenETran.js

         #: name=inputtemplate
2 3 SPAN 1 0 2e-8 0.000005

* overhead line geometry
conductor 1 10.0  0.8 0.00715
conductor 2  8.0  0.0 0.00715

* scout arrester
arrester 0.0e3 SCOUTVOLTAGE 0.28 0.4e-6 SCOUTLEADLEN
pairs 1 2
poles 2

* scout ground
ground 50 250 400e3 5e-7 10 
pairs 2 0
poles 2

* recloser arrester
arrester 0.0e3 RECLOSERVOLTAGE 0.28 0.4e-6 RECLOSERLEADLEN
pairs 1 2
poles 3

* recloser ground
ground 50 250 400e3 5e-7 10 
pairs 2 0
poles 3

surge -15.0e3 0.5e-6 50.0e-6 0.0e-6
pairs 1 0
poles 1

meter
pairs 1 2
poles 3
```yaml #: jquery=dform class : form html: - name: userecloserarrester type: checkbox checked: checked bs3caption: Use recloser arresters - name: RECLOSERVOLTAGE type: number step: 5.0 bs3caption : "Recloser arrester discharge voltage, kV" value: 40.0 css: width: 13em - name: RECLOSERLEADLEN type: number step: 1.0 bs3caption : "Lead length for the recloser arrester, ft" value: 10.0 css: width: 13em - name: scouts type: checkbox bs3caption: Use scout arresters - name: SCOUTVOLTAGE type: number step: 5.0 bs3caption : "Scout arrester discharge voltage, kV" value: 40.0 css: width: 13em - name: SCOUTLEADLEN type: number step: 1.0 bs3caption : "Lead length for the scout arrester, ft" value: 10.0 css: width: 13em - name: SPAN type: number step: 50.0 bs3caption : "Distance between poles, ft" value: 200.0 css: width: 13em ```
```js if (!userecloserarrester) {RECLOSERVOLTAGE = 10000} if (!scouts) {SCOUTVOLTAGE = 10000} inputdata = inputtemplate.replace("SCOUTVOLTAGE", 1000.0 * SCOUTVOLTAGE) .replace("SCOUTLEADLEN", SCOUTLEADLEN / 3.28) .replace("RECLOSERVOLTAGE", 1000.0 * RECLOSERVOLTAGE) .replace("RECLOSERLEADLEN", RECLOSERLEADLEN / 3.28) .replace(/SPAN/g, 1/3.28 * SPAN) Module.FS_createDataFile("/", "file.dat", inputdata, true, true) Module["arguments"] = ["-plot", "csv", "file"] Module['calledRun'] = false; shouldRunNow = true; Module.run(); out = intArrayToString(FS.findObject("/file.out").contents); csv = intArrayToString(FS.findObject("/file.csv").contents); FS.unlink("/file.dat"); // delete the input file FS.unlink("/file.out"); // delete the output files FS.unlink("/file.csv"); ```

Results

```js x = $.csv.toArrays(csv, {onParseValue: $.csv.hooks.castToScalar}) // `header` has the column names. The first is the time, and the rest // of the columns are the variables. header = x.slice(0,1)[0] // Select graph variables with a select box based on the header values if (typeof(graphvar) == "undefined") graphvar = header[1]; ``` Recloser voltage, kV ```js yidx = header.indexOf(graphvar); xidx = 0; // pick out the column to plot series = [{label: "Recloser", data: x.slice(1).map(function(x) {return [x[0]*1e6, x[1]/1e3];})}]; plot(series, {legend: {noColumns: 3, container: $("#legend")}}); ```
Time, μsec

Discussions

This app uses EPRI OpenETran to simulate the transients.

Note that this app simplifies some aspects, particularly:

Also, this app does not consider BIL nor does it calculate protective margins.

Background

Emscripten was used to compile OpenETran’s code to JavaScript. The user interface was created in mdpad. See here for the code with the user interface and OpenETran model input. OpenETran and the GNU GSL library (an OpenETran dependency) are distributed under the GNU GPL version 3.0 license. The source codes are available as follows: OpenETran and GNU GSL.